A Study of Musical Patterns in the Varnas of Lalgudi G. Jayaraman
Karnāṭaka classical music has rich and diverse repertoire of compositions, and the contributions of the Trinity—Tyāgarāja, Muddusvāmi Dīkṣita, and Śyāmā Śāstri—are foundational to the tradition. The compositions of the trinity have influenced and inspired the next generation of composers. Among the 20th century composers, Lālgudi G. Jayarāman stands out as a unique composer due to his multifaceted contributions as a violinist (both soloist and accompanist), teacher, composer and a tunesmith. Lālguḍi G. Jayarāman is popular for his varṇa-s and tillāna-s. He has composed 22 tāna varṇa-s, 4 pada varṇa-s, and 36 tillāna-s, in different rāga-s. His compositions are popular in the Karnāṭaka classical music repertoire and in Bharatanāṭya performances. Characteristic of his style, subtle rhythmic intricacies are seamlessly woven into the melody in his composition. Jayarāman  was the first in Karnāṭaka classical music to bring into violin playing the feature of ‘poruttam-s’. Poruttam, meaning appropriateness or alignment, refers to the melodic and aesthetic continuity between the ending of a svara passage and the beginning phrase of the melodic line. He has used the concept of poruttam-s in his varṇa-s and tillāna-s, irrespective of the rāga and tāla. The varṇa, as a compositional form, plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between abhyāsa gāna (music for practice) and sabhā gāna (music for concert performance). Varṇa-s provide a comprehensive portrait of the rāga by capturing the essence of the rāga in terms of characteristic and viśēṣa prayōga-s, making them invaluable in both pedagogy and performance. This paper aims to study, understand and analyse his style of implementing simple and intricate musical patterns in this compositional form.             The study is based on published notations and select recordings available in the public domain. The methodology adopted is analytical and through a case-study approach. Select varṇa-s of the composer are taken up for analysis. Theoretical descriptions of the rāga-s are examined in relation to the features of the rāga as seen in the selected varṇa-s. By examining the melodic structures, musical patterns and key phrases evident in these varṇa-s, the study sheds light on the composer’s innovative approach to employing musical patterns without compromising on the purity of the melody and aesthetics of the rāga.  His varṇa-s, while adhering to the traditional frameworks of rāga grammar, also exhibit his distinct creative genius, reflecting a deep understanding of both theoretical frameworks and aesthetic expression of the rāga. The musical patterns underlying the compositions would be of immense help to the music students in developing their manōdharma as well. This study highlights the unique stylistic elements of Lālguḍi  Jayarāman ’s varṇa-s, demonstrating how his compositional approach bridges tradition and innovation. In doing so, it also emphasizes the need for further research into 20th-century composers who have contributed to the rich compositional heritage of Karnaṭaka music.
Author: Mr Ravindranath R Submitted on : 16-Sep-2025 Arts : India/Music/Karnataka Classical Music
Journal ID : 1917-162-9968
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